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ISACA CCOA Exam Syllabus Topics:
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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q132-Q137):
NEW QUESTION # 132
Which of the following Is a control message associated with the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)?
Answer: D
Explanation:
TheInternet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)is used forerror reporting and diagnosticsin IP networks.
* Control Messages:ICMP messages inform the sender about network issues, such as:
* Destination Unreachable:Indicates that the packet could not reach the intended destination.
* Echo Request/Reply:Used inpingto test connectivity.
* Time Exceeded:Indicates that a packet'sTTL (Time to Live)has expired.
* Common Usage:Troubleshooting network issues (e.g.,pingandtraceroute).
Other options analysis:
* A. TLS protocol version unsupported:Related to SSL/TLS, not ICMP.
* C. 404 not found:An HTTP status code, unrelated to ICMP.
* D. Webserver is available:A general statement, not an ICMP message.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 4: Network Protocols and ICMP:Discusses ICMP control messages.
* Chapter 7: Network Troubleshooting Techniques:Explains ICMP's role in diagnostics.
NEW QUESTION # 133
Which of the following is MOST helpful to significantly reduce application risk throughout the system development life cycle (SOLC)?
Answer: A
Explanation:
ImplementingSecurity by Designthroughout theSoftware Development Life Cycle (SDLC)is the most effective way toreduce application riskbecause:
* Proactive Risk Mitigation:Incorporates security practices from the very beginning, rather than addressing issues post-deployment.
* Integrated Testing:Security requirements and testing are embedded in each phase of the SDLC.
* Secure Coding Practices:Reduces vulnerabilities likeinjection, XSS, and insecure deserialization.
* Cost Efficiency:Fixing issues during design is significantly cheaper than patching after production.
Other options analysis:
* B. Security through obscurity:Ineffective as a standalone approach.
* C. Peer code reviews:Valuable but limited if security is not considered from the start.
* D. Extensive penetration testing:Detects vulnerabilities post-development, but cannot fix flawed architecture.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 10: Secure Software Development Practices:Discusses the importance of integrating security from the design phase.
* Chapter 7: Application Security Testing:Highlights proactive security in development.
NEW QUESTION # 134
Which of (he following is the PRIMARY reason to regularly review firewall rules?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Regularly reviewing firewall rules ensures that outdated, redundant, or overly permissive rules are identified and removed.
* Reduced Attack Surface:Unnecessary or outdated rules may open attack vectors.
* Compliance and Policy Adherence:Ensures that only authorized communication paths are maintained.
* Performance Optimization:Reducing rule clutter improves processing efficiency.
* Minimizing Misconfigurations:Prevents rule conflicts or overlaps that could compromise security.
Incorrect Options:
* B. Identifying blocked traffic to permit:The review's primary goal is not to enable traffic but to reduce unnecessary rules.
* C. Ensuring correct rule order:While important, this is secondary to identifying obsolete rules.
* D. Correcting administrator mistakes:Though helpful, this is not the main purpose of regular reviews.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 5, Section "Firewall Management," Subsection "Rule Review Process" - The primary reason for reviewing firewall rules regularly is to eliminate rules that are no longer necessary.
NEW QUESTION # 135
Which ofthe following is the PRIMARY purpose of load balancers in cloud networking?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Theprimary purpose of load balancers in cloud networkingis todistribute incoming network traffic across multiple servers, thereby:
* Ensuring Availability:By balancing traffic, load balancers prevent server overload and ensure high availability.
* Performance Optimization:Evenly distributing traffic reduces response time and improves user experience.
* Fault Tolerance:If one server fails, the load balancer redirects traffic to healthy servers, maintaining service continuity.
* Scalability:Automatically adjusts to traffic changes by adding or removing servers as needed.
* Use Cases:Commonly used forweb applications, databases, and microservicesin cloud environments.
Other options analysis:
* B. Optimizing database queries:Managed at the database level, not by load balancers.
* C. Monitoring network traffic:Load balancers do not primarily monitor but distribute traffic.
* D. Load testing applications:Load balancers do not perform testing; they manage live traffic.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 4: Network Traffic Management:Discusses the role of load balancers in cloud environments.
* Chapter 7: High Availability and Load Balancing:Explains how load balancers enhance system resilience.
NEW QUESTION # 136
Which of the following is the GREATEST risk resulting from a Domain Name System (DNS) cache poisoning attack?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Thegreatest risk resulting from a DNS cache poisoning attackis theloss of sensitive data. Here's why:
* DNS Cache Poisoning:An attacker corrupts the DNS cache to redirect users from legitimate sites to malicious ones.
* Phishing and Data Theft:Users think they are accessing legitimate websites (like banking portals) but are unknowingly entering sensitive data into fake sites.
* Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks:Attackers can intercept data traffic, capturing credentials or personal information.
* Data Exfiltration:Once credentials are stolen, attackers can access internal systems, leading to data loss.
Other options analysis:
* A. Reduced system availability:While DNS issues can cause outages, this is secondary to data theft in poisoning scenarios.
* B. Noncompliant operations:While potential, this is not the primary risk.
* C. Loss of network visibility:Unlikely since DNS poisoning primarily targets user redirection, not network visibility.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 4: Network Security Operations:Discusses DNS attacks and their potential consequences.
* Chapter 8: Threat Detection and Incident Response:Details how DNS poisoning can lead to data compromise.
NEW QUESTION # 137
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